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This blogpost is dedicated to a different breed of communicators (i.e. aside from those who write) on environmental issues.  I refer mostly to imagery and the people who created it.

In my search for information for an article or report, I have come across some really nice examples, which have inspired me to think, and indeed, even feel privileged to be connected to all matters environmental. I hope these examples will also inspire you in equally vibrant (if not more) ways. So, here goes (I am not listing these examples in any particular order):

#1: This was a great example of why "throwing away" is such a misnomer. Ironically, this poster was part of an ad campaign run by Shell (no paragon of virtue in environmental matters). It shows smokestacks "spewing out" flowers instead of gases.

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Above: Don't Throw Anything Away; there is No Away
(Courtesy(?): Shell)

My first point though is the fact that "there is no away". My second point here is that, unfortunately, a lot of feel-good campaigns (like this one) can be enviro-propaganda-cum-greenwash. The small print in the poster says that Shell uses its "waste carbon dioxide to grow flowers" and "waste sulphur to make super-strong concrete," which was strongly contested by complainants Friends of the Earth. So always think about what you see and try to gauge its real message before jumping to conclusions.

#2: This is a photograph taken by Chris Jordan. The photographer traveled to Midway Island, near the site of the pivotal World War II naval battle, to document the death of baby albatrosses on the island's nature reserve (if it can happen in a nature reserve, are there any safe places left?!).

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Above:  The parent birds are attracted to the colorful plastic trash in the water from the Pacific Trash Gyre, and feed it to their babies, with disastrous consequences. Jordan has said that the images show the actual contents in the birds' stomach, and has not been "moved, placed, manipulated, arranged, or altered in any way".

Moral of the story: reduce your use of plastic and recycle it as far as possible!

#3. This entry is really a photographic essay by Kalyan Varma, an award-winning wildlife photographer and film-maker from Bangalore. He currently freelances with the BBC Natural History and National Geographic Channel (India), and also works with grassroots NGO's to highlight environmental issues in India. I became a fan as soon as I saw it! To put in his words, "In the race to make every inch of our land 'productive' we have scarred the landscape forever. We dig, mine, scrape, plant, bore and drill the land. This essays shows some of these landscapes from the air." And what's more, these images are all earmarked under the Creative Commons License!

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Above: Landscrapes by Kalyan Varma. In this image, we see pits readied for planting trees. Dry thorn-scrub habitats without too many trees are natural too. However, the government does not realize that open forests like these are critical wildlife habitats and not waste land, and usually plant non-native species with commercial value.
(Courtesy: kalyanvarma.net)

#4: This image highlights the issue of organic food shams. Ironically, a lot of organic food produced in India makes it way to markets abroad, which can pay better prices for it. While there is a very small market for organic food in the country, it is miles behind that in countries such as the EU. However, notwithstanding its widespread availability, they have to grapple with other problems.
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Above: Why in the world is this chicken painting its (uh) toe claws? In the UK, low cost retailers have been known to bank on the good reputation of organic food to try and attract customers to their stores, in which they market other lower quality produce. With an estimated market of GBP 600 million, is it any wonder?
(Courtesy: www.greens-efa.org)

#5. I will end this post with another "Indian" image, but I am sure it resonates with equal verve in other communities being deprived of their land and water. It is from a documentary called "Drowned Out". It charts the story of an Adivasi (indigenous) family whose home was due to be flooded by the rising waters of the Sardar Sarovar Dam, India.

The documentary follows the villagers of Jalsindhi (a village in Madhya Pradesh on the banks of the Narmada River about 10 miles upstream from the Sardar Sarovar project) and narrates their battle against the dam. The government provides them no viable alternatives: move to a slum in the city, accept the government's offer of unusable land a hundred miles away, or a small sum of money in compensation for their river-side land. The film documents hunger strikes, rallies, and a six-year long Supreme Court case, and finally follows the villagers as the dam fills and the river starts to rise.
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Above: An Indian family chooses to stay at home and drown rather than make way for the Narmada Dam. I found this image particularly moving.
(Courtesy: Worldchanging.com)
Please feel free to share any images with an environmental bent, which have inspired (or even revolted) you. After all, it's not just about what you say; it's also about how you say (or rather, show) it.
This blogpost originally appeared on http://mahazareendastur.blogspot.in/.
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Demonizing plastic (should we?)

I have often wondered whether I am doing the right thing by using anything that looks like plastic or buying anything remotely associated with it. Let's think about it... the packaged lentils we buy, the nylon and polyester we wear, the Amul milk the kids have each morning, the rain coats they use in the rains, the books I order off flipkart.com (they come shrink-wrapped in clingfilm), the computer you are using to read this blogpost, bullet-proof vests (nope, I don't need those but I thought it would be fun adding it in here), toys, PVC piping, and an endless list of consumer paraphernalia that comes wrapped in plastic (such as the underside of the wrapper of your bathing soap)... I must confess that while the answer is still not clear in my mind, I am swaying towards the "plastic ain't that bad" argument (I guess some people might say I am not environmentally friendlynot true!). But before I get mobbed, let me explain.

About.com's page on Inventors reports that "The first man-made plastic was created by Alexander Parkes who publicly demonstrated it at the 1862 Great International Exhibition in London. The material called Parkesine was an organic material derived from cellulose that once heated could be molded, and retained its shape when cooled." Like many inventions that changed the way we live, this one too was an accident. Apparently, his interest in plastic stemmed from wanting to make billiard balls out of it (I guess it must have been a popular game back then). R&D related to the creation of white chalkboards gave rise to yet another kind of plastic (this one used milk protein mixed with formaldehyde), and I guess it just went on and on after that.

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Above: What do cattle and plastic have in common? Treated cattle horns served as the first inspiration for plastics. Materials that mimicked the properties of horns were developed by combining milk proteins and lye (traditionally used in soap making). 
(Image: www.bbc.co.uk)


The reason plastic really took off the way it did, and continues to do so well today can be summed up in one word—convenience. Plastics last an age (literally; plastics take between 500 to 1,000 years to degrade once you shuck them into a landfill), so one would ostensibly not need to replace plastic items for a long time. Plastic storage containers are stronger and more durable compared to waxed paper containers. Plastic is also cheaper than most metals. It can be molded into nifty shapes and can take on pretty colors. It is cheap to produce and easy to clean. Without the use of plastics, the product life of some major appliances would reportedly reduce by nearly 50 percent. According to the same source, today's major appliances would cost at least 25 percent more and use 30 percent more energy than similar products produced without plastics. In short, it is EVERYWHERE.

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Above: Plastic is everywhere. You can find it in the oceans too!


Then, why is plastic so reviled? For one thing, it is not biodegradable (like I said, plastic lasts an age). Trashed plastic bags are useless and ugly. Carelessly discarded plastic bags were blamed for the 2005 deluge in Mumbai (there are other reasons too, but I won't go into that here.) In the US, plastic is said to account for 16 percent of all municipal solid waste, with 50 to 80 percent littering beaches, oceans, and seabeds. It appears then that we are predominantly looking at the disposal end of plastic when we think about all the problems it causes. Numerous studies in life cycle assessment have in fact showed that all things considered, plastic beats paper in environmental terms.

The latest monster to rear its ugly head and urge naysayers against plastic is BPA or Bisphenol A. With the exception of USA and Europe, BPA is used in the synthesis of a number of plastic items such as baby bottles, sports equipment and certain medical devices. It is a known endocrine disruptor, and understandably, has people worried. However, a blanket ban on BPA in plastics is helping to solve the problem.

Having said that, there is no denying that plastic is here to stay. So, how do we deal with the problem? Demonizing plastic is easy, but where do we go from there? I feel the answer lies in better recycling rates, and of course, creating awareness about the issue. The  local kabadiwallah (junk or scrap dealer) serves as the unofficial recycler of plastics in India, but much more needs to be done. There is no other (formal, government-sponsored) recycling infrastructure to speak of. Demand for post-consumer plastics needs to be stepped up. This can be done with careful realigning of policies to the effect. Local governments in particular need to enact and implement laws with teeth. In my view, clever (eco-friendly) product design can help win half the battle (but that's the subject of another post).

Unfortunately, we often fail miserably on most counts. The truth is that every article we use, every action we take, every discovery we make, has the potential to distort our environment. Nothing is environmentally benign. It is how we deal with the issue that matters.

This post originally appeared at http://mahazareendastur.blogspot.in/.

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